[Edit: Started this earlier in notepad, before DL's post. It's still applicable anyway, I just didn't want DL to think I was completely ignoring her.

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Aero, you are reading the quota exactly right, I'm sure. Regarding the Treestats 477%, I don't have any idea what they use to calculate percentages. Almost certainly, they have no idea what our quota is, so I'm not sure how they calculate a percentage.
It is pretty easy to make quota in the chain; it is very difficult to make 105% let alone 110% of higher. The percentage calculation for quota acts like it is on a sliding scale.
For the bottom section of the Food Chain, where people don't get a lot of XP yet, the quota is a straight 100% of what you get. That doesn't apply to the majority of the Food Chain, generally stopping and going to the 6 million added quota at around level 100.
For the majority of the Food Chain, the quota is 93.75% of what is passed to you from your vassal, along with an additional 6 million XP added each week. (For completeness sake, it isn't exactly 6 million per week. To make the math easier, we have always rounded off to 875K per day, which is slightly higher than 6 million per week.)
To get 100% in the %quota column, all you have to do is pass up 93.75% of what you received (this should be automatically done through leadership/loyalty), and add 6 million per week to it. Pretty simply to do in most cases. However, as the amount of XP you receive from the chain goes up, it gets harder and harder to raise your %quota number much above 100%.
I need to define two terms first:
Required Quota 93.75% of what you received, plus 6 million per week.
Credit/Debit the amount of XP you are over or under your Required Quota number
The formula for calculating the quota uses your Required Quota and your Credit/Debit number. The %quota column is figured by dividing Required Quota by (Required Quota + Credit/Debit).
The Required Quota, in your case, is 1,038,390,342 (that is 93.75% of the 1,092,683,031 you received from the chain during the last 16 days, plus the added 875K per day). Your Credit/Debit is the extra 61,033,488 XP you added over and above your quota requirement.
IF you had passed up exactly 1,038,390,342 XP during the reporting period, your %quota column would have shown exactly 100%. Since you passed up an additional 61,033,488 XP your %quota is:
1,038,390,342 / (1,038,390,342 +61,033,488) = 105.88%
The reason it is so hard to raise the %quota number very much is because the XP numbers passing up from the chain get so large. The larger the raw numbers are, the greater and greater an amount you need to add in order to move the quota %.
As an example, you added 61 million XP more than required in the last 16 days, for a %quota number of 105.88%.
Doko, who is several postions below you in the chain added 71 million XP extra, for a %qutoa number of 114.85%.
The difference is he had about 500 million passed to him from the chain, while you had a little over a billion passed to you.
The more someone receives from the chain, the harder it is to post a higher percentage number in the %quota column.
It isn't as warped for the upper levels as it sounds like it might be. Even the though % numbers get harder and harder to move around, the amount of XP change from one character to the next is normally relatively small. What I'm hoping I'm saying (it's late and I'm tired) is that for two people next to each other, both will have roughly the same difficulty in changing the %quota column. Compared to someone 10 or 15 positions lower in the chain, it might be a drastic difference. That's another one of the reasons we are only promoting one position. If you are in just the right spot in the chain, it might actually be fairly easy to post %quota numbers that will indicate you should move 5 or 6 spots when, in reality, the actual XP contribution to the chain might not indicate that at all.
If I rambled too much, or didn't make sense in this post, I'll give it another shot after I sleep some.
